Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing that the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota can alter brain physiology
and behavior. Cognition was originally thought to be regulated only by the central nervous system. However, it is
now becoming clear that many non-nervous system factors, including the gut-resident bacteria of the
gastrointestinal tract, regulate and influence cognitive dysfunction as well as the process of neurodegeneration and
cerebrovascular diseases. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors including dietary habits can regulate the composition of the
microbiota. Microbes release metabolites and microbiota-derived molecules to further trigger host-derived
cytokines and inflammation in the central nervous system, which contribute greatly to the pathogenesis of host
brain disorders such as pain, depression, anxiety, autism, Alzheimer’s diseases, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke.
Change of blood–brain barrier permeability, brain vascular physiology, and brain structure are among the most
critical causes of the development of downstream neurological dysfunction.

 

Download: 2020_The progress of gut microbiome research related to brain disorders

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